Technical Architecture (How SolanaVPN Works)

The architecture is layered, modular, and designed for privacy, scalability, and extensibility.

High-Level Layers

  1. Client Layer (Browser + Local AI):

    • The user-facing browser integrates a local AI runtime (lightweight model) that performs query interpretation, context extraction, summarization, UI personalization, and temporary session memory handling.

    • Local AI uses encrypted checkpoints for federated updates and model enhancements.

    • Integrated non-custodial wallet signs microtransactions and interacts with Solana smart contracts.

  2. Networking Layer (Decentralized VPN Node Mesh):

    • Node operators run relay software that exposes bandwidth/compute to the marketplace.

    • Traffic is routed through at least one (and optionally multiple) nodes chosen by the client; multi-hop routing and route obfuscation reduce correlation risk.

    • Node selection uses reputation, latency measurements, and economic bids.

  3. Privacy & Cryptography Layer:

    • Zero-knowledge proofs validate correct node behavior without revealing content or metadata.

    • Homomorphic or encrypted inference techniques enable certain computations over encrypted data where needed.

    • Quantum-resistant algorithms (where feasible) protect long-term confidentiality.

  4. Blockchain Layer (Solana Smart Contracts):

    • Staking contracts manage node bonds and slashing conditions.

    • Marketplace contracts handle bidding, session micropayments, and instant settlement.

    • DAO governance contracts manage proposals, treasury, and grant distribution.

  5. AI Collaboration Layer (Federated & Secure Model Ops):

    • Federated learning aggregates model parameter updates in an encrypted/anonymous way to improve global models without collecting raw data.

    • zk-ML or verifiable ML techniques provide proofs that contributed model updates follow policy and do not leak information.

Important Technical Components

On-Device Local Intelligence

  • Lightweight models tailored for on-device inference (privacy-centric embeddings, query intent models, summarizers).

  • Session-based memory that is encrypted and ephemeral; optionally backed by user-owned encrypted cloud (user controls keys).

  • Local personalization pipelines avoid raw-data transmission.

Encrypted Session Memory & Ephemeral Context

  • Each session spawns a cryptographic memory pod which stores contextual vectors encrypted under a user key.

  • Memory pods allow personalization during the session but are destroyed or zeroed afterwards per user settings or default policy.

On-Chain Node Marketplace

  • Nodes advertise capability and stake $SVPN to signal commitment.

  • Users request a node or route; the smart contract creates a temporary session agreement and handles escrow of micropayments for the session until completion.

  • Reputation system aggregates on-chain performance metrics and community attestations.

Verification & Zero-Knowledge

  • ZK proofs confirm that nodes performed expected forwarding operations and did not log sensitive data.

  • zk-proofs also support anonymous, verifiable federated model updates so that contributors get credit without revealing who they are or what data they saw.

Scalability Considerations

  • Solana’s throughput enables high-frequency, low-cost micropayments for short-lived sessions.

  • Off-chain relays and state channels can be used for ultra-low-latency microtransactions when needed, with final settlement anchored on-chain.

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